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Since it was put forward, the Belt and Road Initiative has attracted growing attention around the world. Xu Yanzhuo, an associate researcher at the Institute of World Economics and Politics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, shared her views on the growing role of China’s currency in promoting cooperation under this initiative.
From a long term, global perspective, China and the countries along the land and maritime Silk Road routes have obtained a slew of benefits in infrastructure construction and production capacity cooperation, laying a concrete foundation for further cooperation. However, fi nancial risks remain a hindrance to transnational synergy. Facilitating the use of China’s RMB in countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative can help Chinese investors get around bottlenecks in exchange rates, financing and debts, and further promote the currency’s status in the international monetary system.
The Belt and Road Initiative, a key measure for Chinese companies going global, serves as an important platform for the RMB’s internation- alization. In their operations overseas, Chinese companies need to handle a large amount of fi nancial business such as exchange, guarantee, debit and credit, and insurance. In less developed countries along the routes, however, one of the perplexing issues for these companies is fi nancial risks brought about by fl uctuations in policies.
The first and foremost risk comes from inconvertibility. A few countries along the Belt and Road regulate foreign exchange differently in light of the international balance of payments. Foreign businesses and investors are prohibited or confi ned in the transfer of their legitimate incomes, including capital and profi ts, to foreign countries. So companies that make large profi ts from contracting projects, sales and services have no way to exchange them to foreign currencies and transfer them.
In countries exercising tighter control on exchange, the U.S. dollar’s price keeps buoyant in the black market. Some countries have adopted a fl oating exchange rate, but the bar, to a certain degree, is still there, especially for the import of non-strategic goods.
The second risk is rate fluctuation. Chinese companies’ overseas projects are generally settled in local currencies, and the construction takes a long period of time, they are therefore exposed to a higher risk of rate fluctuations. For less developed countries with a simple economic structure, exports are particularly vulnerable against the international market, resulting in a defi cit in international balance of payments and abrupt fl uctuations in exchange rates.
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