原创《外源氮对琼北不同类型土壤甲烷氧化能力影响》：这是一篇与甲烷论文范文相关的免费优秀学术论文范文资料,为你的论文写作提供参考。
摘 要 氮输入是影响土壤氧化吸收大气甲烷（CH4）的重要因子之一.通过对琼北5种旱地土壤进行室内培养实验,评价不同类型土壤对低浓度CH4的吸收能力及其对硝态氮和不同浓度铵态氮的响应.结果表明：火山灰土、富铁土、雏形土、铁铝土和淋溶土的CH4氧化速率分别为67.01,50.05,47.00,72.82和57.10 ng/（kg·h）.按100（mg/kg）N添加的硝态氮仅对铁铝土CH4氧化有显著的抑制效果,而按此浓度添加的铵态氮能显著降低5种土壤的CH4氧化速率.铵态氮对5种土壤CH4氧化的抑制率和铵态氮添加量均呈极显著的线性正相关.每单位（mg/kg）铵态氮添加量对铁铝土CH4氧化的抑制率最低,仅为其他4种土壤的53%～60%,这很可能跟铁铝土的高C/N和低N/P有关.因此,对这些土壤进行科学管理时,应根据土壤类型选用适宜的N肥类型,同时,还应提高土壤有机质含量,增施P肥,充分发挥土壤对大气CH4的氧化潜力.
关键词 甲烷氧化；土壤类型；硝态氮；铵态氮
中图分类号 Q938.1+3 文献标识码 A
Abstract Nitrogen inputs is one of the key factors affecting atmospheric methane consumption by soils. The soil samples collected from five litchi orchards in northern Hainan Island were incubated at 26 ℃ with gravimetric water content of 20% and an initial CH4 concentration of approximately 10 μL/L,in order to determine the effects of exogenous nitrogen on the methane oxidation in soils of different types. Average rate of CH4 oxidation without N inputs by Andosols,Ferrosols,Cambosols,Ferralsols and Luvisols was 67.01,50.05,47.00,72.82 and 57.10 ng/（kg·h）,respectively. Addition of KNO3 at 100 mg N kg-1 d.w.s did not result in significant inhibition of CH4 oxidation in the soils except Ferralsols due to the higher native nitrate content. In contrast,CH4 oxidation in all soils decreased significantly after adding（NH4）2SO4 at 100 mg N kg-1 d.w.s. For all studied soils,percent inhibition by ammonia increased with the rate of ammonia application,which was fit well by linear regression. The slope for Ferralsols was only 0.10 and 53%～60% of those for other soils,indicating that the extent of ammonia inhibition of CH4 oxidation in Ferralsols was the smallest among the soils of the five types. Such response of CH4 oxidation in Ferralsols to added ammonia might be attributed to the highest C：N ratio and the lowest N：P ratio. Therefore,the correct selection of N fertilizers,improvement of organic matter status of soil,and application of P fertilizer were recommended for maintaining high CH4 oxidation rates for upland soils.
Key words Methane oxidation；Soil type；Nitrate；Ammonia
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.08.015
甲烷（CH4）是地球大气中的一种温室气体,百年时间尺度上单分子CH4增温潜势是CO2的26倍[1].CH4对全球变暖贡献约占17%,仅次于CO2[2].过去200年来,人类活动导致大气CH4浓度增加,至2014年大气CH4浓度已达1.83 μL/L,是工业革命前的2.54倍[2].大气CH4浓度的持续升高是CH4排放源增加或吸收汇减小的结果[3].土壤是大气CH4主要的生物汇,土壤中的微生物每年氧化消耗15～45 Tg CH4[4-6],其氧化过程由隶属γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）（即Type Ⅱ型）甲烷氧化菌来完成,包括Methylocystis属、山地土壤菌群α（USCα）和γ（USCγ）等,这些甲烷氧化菌拥有高亲和力的甲烷单加氧酶（MMO）[6-9].氮输入（施N肥或N沉降）是影响土壤氧化吸收大气CH4的重要因子之一,其效果可归为3类：抑制作用、促进作用和无影响[10-12].CH4氧化对氮输入的响应往往和所施N肥的种类和数量以及土壤N背景值有关,施用铵态氮的抑制效果比硝态氮更强[13],铵态氮对CH4氧化的抑制作用随铵态氮添加量的加大而增大[14].“氮饱和”（N-saturated）成熟林土中N添加使CH4氧化显著减少[15-16],而“氮限制”（N-limited）森林土壤的N水平未达抑制临界值,故施N对这些土壤CH4吸收无显著影响[15,17].此外,土壤对大气CH4的氧化吸收能力跟土壤的类型有关,Akiyama等[18]和Morishita等[19]曾报道,火山灰土的CH4氧化速率远高于其他几种土壤.
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结论：外源氮对琼北不同类型土壤甲烷氧化能力影响为关于对不知道怎么写甲烷论文范文课题研究的大学硕士、相关本科毕业论文甲烷气体论文开题报告范文和文献综述及职称论文的作为参考文献资料下载。
