原创《ReapingtheBenefits》：这篇ReapingtheBenefits论文范文为免费优秀学术论文范文,可用于相关写作参考。
As the Chinese government draws up a long anticipated program to allow farmers the freedom to transfer their land use rights, thousands of farmers in an area in Heilongjiang Province known as Beidahuang, “the great northeastern wilderness,” China’s largest grain production base and its biggest cluster of State-owned farms, are fighting to reclaim their land.
Covering an area of 56,200 square kilometers, Beidahuang now has 43.2 million mu （6.9 million acres） of farmland across 113 State-owned farms, most of which were founded by local farmers in the early 1980s at their own expense. However, in the mid-1990s, local State-owned farms reclaimed the land under a program of “intensive farming,” requiring the farmers to pay extortionate contract fees to work the same land they had been farming for years.
In contrast to ordinary State-owned farms, which only impose charges on crops produced, the Beidahuang farms are an isolated community operating under a system similar to the “planned economy” system that China began to abandon when it embarked on its program of Reform and Opening-up in 1979. Endowed with its own social and political bureaucracy, the Beidahuang system has left farmers with no control over their livelihoods： their farms.
Given that the farms insist that contract fees are necessary to cover their own administrative costs, it seems that until the system is reformed, Beidahuang farmers may continue to suffer under a heavy burden from which farmers across China were released long ago.
From State Workers to Independent Contractors
Though known as one of the world’s three largest areas of fertile black land, Beidahuang had remained entirely unexplored until the Communist Party of China founded the People’s Republic in 1949. Responding to Chairman Mao’s call to develop the plain, millions of retired soldiers, college graduates, young intellectuals and farmers flocked into the wilderness, and began working to turn it into a massive expanse of fields.
The campaign gave rise to a new term, “farm workers,” referring to those who the central government assigned to work on land under the control of local State-owned farms.“The farms took full responsibility for profits and losses, and we earned fixed wages,” Yang Zhiguo, a farmer from Daxing Farm in Beidahuang, told NewsChina. “It was like working for a large State-owned enterprise[SOE] whose business was farming the land.” Yang is one of a group of 13 farmers who planned to hire a Beijing lawyer to help reclaim their land from the State.
ReapingtheBenefits论文参考资料：
结论：ReapingtheBenefits为适合ReapingtheBenefits论文写作的大学硕士及相关本科毕业论文，相关thebenefitsof开题报告范文和学术职称论文参考文献下载。
