原创《基于GIS汉江上游安康市洪水灾害风险评价》：本论文为您写洪水灾害毕业论文范文和职称论文提供相关论文参考文献，可免费下载。
摘 要：位于汉江上游秦巴山区的安康市,历来洪水灾害频发且洪灾损失严重.本研究根据洪水灾害系统理论,基于GIS和层次分析法（AHP）,从形成洪水灾害的危险性和易损性两方面出发,对安康市的洪水灾害风险进行了评价.在洪灾评价过程中,选取安康市近50年降水量、降水变率以及地形高程、坡度、水系等自然因素指标进行洪灾危险性评价,选取安康市人口密度、GDP密度、单位面积年粮食产量等经济因素指标进行洪灾易损性评价.首先通过层次分析法确定各评价指标权重,然后运用ArcGIS的地图代数功能对安康市洪水灾害危险性和易损性进行叠加分析,得到了安康市洪水灾害风险评价结果.结果表明：安康市洪水灾害风险主要集中在汉江沿岸,且以河流干流为中心逐渐向两边支流递减.该评价结果和安康市2010年“7.18”洪水受灾情况基本一致,说明该评价方法可行.本研究结果可为安康市制定合理的防洪减灾规划,减轻洪灾损失,提供重要的科学依据.
关键词：安康市；汉江上游；洪水灾害；风险评价；GIS；层次分析法
中图分类号：S422文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）06-0088-07
AbstractThe flood disaster has occurred frequently with serious losses in Ankang City, which locates in Qinba mountain areas in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River. According to the theory of flood disaster system, based on GIS and AHP, the flood disaster risk assessment on Ankang City was studied from the hazard and vulnerability of flood disaster. The natural factor indexes, including annual rainfall and precipitation variability in nearly 50 years, terrain elevation, slope and water system of Ankang City, were considered to analyze the flood hazard. The economic indicators, such as population density, GDP density and annual grain output per unit area, were selected to analyze the flood vulnerability. Then the AHP method was used to compute the weights of evaluation indexes,and the grid of ArcGIS was used to overlay the hazard and vulnerability of flood disaster. The results of flood disaster risk assessment for Ankang City was obtained. The results showed that the flood disaster risk of Ankang City concentrated mainly along the Hanjiang River, and decreased generally from the main stream to the branches. The results were in consistent with the “7.18” flood events in 2010, which showed the feasibility of the evaluation method. Meanwhile, the results could provide an important scientific basis for the reasonable flood control and disaster mitigation planning for Ankang City.
KeywordsAnkang city； Upper reaches of Hanjiang River； Flood disaster； Risk assessment；GIS； AHP
洪水災害是全球许多国家共同面临的问题[1].我国是世界上洪水灾害发生频繁且损失十分严重的国家之一.频繁发生的洪水灾害不仅造成严重的经济损失,而且带给人们巨大的精神恐慌,严重影响社会的健康稳定发展[2].面对如此严重的洪水灾害,修建水库等工程措施和洪灾风险评价为主的非工程措施相结合成为防洪减灾行之有效的主要手段,但是由于人类活动的加剧,洪水灾害造成的风险依然存在,其造成的损失呈上升趋势,所以开展非工程措施的洪水灾害风险评价显得尤为重要.它可以指导防洪工程的建设,以更加有效地防洪减灾,从而最大限度地降低洪灾损失,已逐渐成为国内外学者关注的焦点[3,4].目前,国内外学者对洪灾风险的评价已做了许多研究.例如何报寅[5,6]、陈华丽[7]等采用因子叠加分析得出湖北省洪水灾害综合风险评价图；王建华[8]采用模糊综合评判法构建洪水灾害风险评价模型；Anselmo等[9]通过建立水文水动力学模型对洪水灾害进行了风险评价；刘家福等[10]将GIS和AHP集成方法相结合,得到了洪水灾害综合风险评价图；张会等[11]利用GIS技术评估了辽河中下游的洪灾风险,并绘制了洪水灾害风险区划图.其中,借助GIS方法,从洪水灾害危险性和易损性两方面选取评价指标建立指标体系的评价方法比较成熟,并广泛应用于洪灾风险评价之中,而且和实际情况相比,具有较高的参考价值.
洪水灾害论文参考资料：
结论：基于GIS汉江上游安康市洪水灾害风险评价为关于对不知道怎么写洪水灾害论文范文课题研究的大学硕士、相关本科毕业论文洪水灾害新闻论文开题报告范文和文献综述及职称论文的作为参考文献资料下载。
